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物料在圓筒旋振篩內(nèi)的篩分受力情況

  在研制糧食雙層圓筒旋轉(zhuǎn)篩的過程中,發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用的圓筒旋轉(zhuǎn)篩,其轉(zhuǎn)速大多偏低,影響了產(chǎn)量及篩分率的綜合效果。為此我們對(duì)圓筒旋轉(zhuǎn)篩的篩分機(jī)理、糧粒在篩筒內(nèi)的受力、運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)進(jìn)行了比較深入的分析,對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)篩轉(zhuǎn)速公式的推導(dǎo)及應(yīng)用原則進(jìn)行了探討,結(jié)合現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際考察,設(shè)計(jì)的圓筒篩都分別提高了轉(zhuǎn)速,取得了較好的篩分效果。1 糧粒在篩筒內(nèi)的受力分析及滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速公式的推導(dǎo)111 糧粒在篩筒內(nèi)的受力分析首先略去種種復(fù)雜因素的影響,將問題簡(jiǎn)化,取連續(xù)進(jìn)入篩筒內(nèi)糧食流中的一粒米作為獨(dú)立質(zhì)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行研究。糧粒在滾筒內(nèi)壁受力情況如下:垂直向下的重力P、滾筒內(nèi)壁的法向作用力N、切向摩擦力F。滾筒轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí),在摩擦力F作用下,糧粒開始隨滾筒運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),旋轉(zhuǎn)到某一轉(zhuǎn)角A后,米粒將下滑與滾筒產(chǎn)生相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)。糧粒被帶起的高度與滾筒的轉(zhuǎn)速有關(guān)。在糧粒隨同滾筒一起以一定角速度X旋轉(zhuǎn)上升的過程中,重力P的下滑分力與摩擦力(二力為平衡力)在不斷增大,然而其下滑分力卻始終小于最大靜摩擦力Fmax,所以糧粒不會(huì)下滑。當(dāng)糧粒被旋轉(zhuǎn)到一定高度其轉(zhuǎn)角為A時(shí),摩擦力與下滑力的大小都等于最大靜摩擦力,此時(shí)糧粒在切向方向處于滑動(dòng)平衡狀態(tài),即此點(diǎn)為滑動(dòng)平衡點(diǎn)。當(dāng)滾筒轉(zhuǎn)過此平衡點(diǎn)時(shí),下滑力大于最大靜摩擦力Fmax,平衡被破壞,糧粒將下滑。在滑動(dòng)平衡點(diǎn)糧粒的受力狀態(tài),如圖1所示。由于此時(shí)滑動(dòng)摩擦阻力很小,糧粒將一直滑到滾筒底部,然后又一次被篩筒帶起升高,升到一定高度后再次下滑,而在下滑的同時(shí),糧粒還將向前運(yùn)動(dòng)(篩筒為錐形或內(nèi)螺旋的推動(dòng))。就這樣周而復(fù)始,進(jìn)行篩分清理過程。實(shí)際上篩分清理過程主要是在糧粒下滑過程中進(jìn)行的,因此增加糧粒下滑區(qū)段的長(zhǎng)度,即加大轉(zhuǎn)角A將提高滾篩的篩分效果。這里需要指出的是在各滑動(dòng)平衡點(diǎn),其最大靜摩擦力Fmax是個(gè)變量不是定值,它與轉(zhuǎn)角A及角速度X有關(guān)。圖1
112 轉(zhuǎn)速公式推導(dǎo)
根據(jù)達(dá)朗伯原理,作用于糧粒上的重力P、法向壓力N及最大靜摩擦力Fmax與其離心力G組成一匯交平衡力系,取徑向坐標(biāo)軸x和切向坐標(biāo)軸y如圖2,其平衡式為:
rX=0 N-G-PcosA=0(1)
rY=0 Fmax-PsinA=0(2)
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Screen rotation in the development process of grain double cylinder, cylinder rotating sievefound field use, its speed is usually low, affecting the comprehensive effect of yield andscreening rate. Screening mechanism, the cylindrical rotating sieve sieve grain in force, the state of motion in the cylinder of the more in-depth analysis, the derivation and application principle of rotary screen speed formula is discussed, combined with the practical field investigation, design of the cylinder screen are respectively improved speed, achieved goodsieving effect the. 1 the grain in the screen cylinder by cylinder speed formula derivation ofstress analysis and the 111 grains in the screen cylinder force analysis of the influence offirst omitted the various complicated factors, to simplify the problem, taking continuous into the sieve tube inside a grain of rice grain in the stream of particles as independent study. The grain in the inner wall of the roller stress conditions are as follows: the vertical downwardgravity P, the inner wall of the drum of the normal force, tangential frictional force of F N. The cylinder rotates under the action of friction, in F, the grain with the drum rotation to startrunning, a corner after A, rice will decline relative motion and the drum. The grain is brought up the relevant height and the rotation speed of the roller. In the grain with the cylindertogether with the angular velocity X rotation in the process of rising, falling force and friction force of gravity (two P force balance force) is increasing, but the decline is always less thanthe maximum static friction force is Fmax, so the grain will not fall. When the grain is rotated to a certain height of the angle is A, the friction force and sliding force size is equal to themaximum static friction force, at this time the grain in the tangential direction in a sliding balance state, that is the point of the sliding balance. When the drum around the equilibrium point, the sliding force is greater than the maximum static friction force of Fmax, the balance is destroyed, the grain will decline. The stress state of sliding equilibrium grain, as shown in figure 1. Because the sliding friction resistance is very small, the grain will always slip into thebottom of the drum, and then once again by the sieve tube with increased, reaching a certain height to decline again, and in the fall at the same time, the grain will also move forward(sieve tube to promote the conical or inner screw). So the cycle, for the process of cleaning up screening. In fact, screening cleaning process is mainly the process of decline in the grain,thus increasing the grain down section length, i.e. increasing angle of A will improve the screening effect of the rolling sieve. It should be noted that in the sliding balance point, themaximum static friction Fmax is a variable that is not a fixed value, it is related to the angle Aand angle velocity X. Figure 1

112 speed formula derivation

According to the D'Alembert principle, method of gravity P, acting on the grain to the pressure of N and the maximum static friction force and the centrifugal force to form a Fmax Gconcurrent force system in equilibrium, taking the radial coordinate axis X and tangential axis y as shown in Figure 2, the balance type for:

RX=0 N-G-PcosA=0 (1)

RY=0 Fmax-PsinA=0 (2)
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本文關(guān)鍵詞:圓筒旋轉(zhuǎn)篩 轉(zhuǎn)速 最大靜摩擦力 滑動(dòng)平衡 臨界轉(zhuǎn)速

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